Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) or capturing it from point sources, preventing its release into the atmosphere. As an academic concept and research field, it investigates the mechanisms, efficacy, scalability, and environmental implications of both natural (e.g., photosynthesis in forests and oceans) and technological (e.g., carbon capture and storage - CCS) methods for long-term carbon storage in geological formations, terrestrial ecosystems, or engineered materials, fundamentally aimed at mitigating climate change.